Почина Стивън Хокинг, на 76 години.
Професор Стивън Хокинг е английски астрофизик, считан за един от най-великите умове на нашето време. Той също е космолог, астроном, математик и автор на множество книги и статии за новите идеи и открития за Вселената и нейното зараждане. Неговата „Кратка история на времето” е продадена в повече от 10 000 000 екземпляра и му донася световна известност.
Хокинг е роден на 8 януари 1942 г. в Оксфорд, Англия. През 1959 г. е приет в Оксфордския университет с физика. През 1963 г., докато учи магистратура в Кеймбридж, Хокинг е диагностициран с амиотрофична латерална склероза. АЛС е неврологично заболяване, характеризиращо се с прогресивна дегенерация на моторните неврони (клетки в гръбначния и главния мозък) и парализа. Въпреки тежкото си заболяване обаче Хокинг не спира активната си научноизследователска дейност.
Основните интереси на Хокинг са свързани в космологията, квантовата механика и теорията на струните. През 1971 г. представя математическо доказателство, подкрепящо теорията за Големия взрив. Хокинг също така предполага, че веднага след Големия взрив са се образували първични черни дупки, които са се изпарили почти моментално. През 1974 г. той доказва, че черните дупки всъщност не са абсолютно „черни“, а излъчват енергия под формата на елементарни частици и след енергийното си изчерпване избухват. Това явление е известно като лъчение на Хокинг и е първото, за чието описание се комбинират законите на гравитацията (общата относителност), квантовата механика и термодинамиката. През 1981 г. той изказва предположението, че въпреки че Вселената няма граница, тя все пак има краен размер в пространство-времето. Математическо доказателство за това е дадено през 1983 г. С други думи, според него Вселената е „крайна“, но „неограничена“, така както е крайна и неограничена земната повърхност.
Първите симптоми на АЛС се появяват след влизането на Хокинг в Кеймбридж. Окончателната диагноза му е поставена на 21-годишна възраст, малко преди първата му женитба. Докторите му казват, че едва ли ще живее повече от 1 – 2 години. Въпреки това, той не се отказва да се бори с болестта. Хокинг е сред най-дълго живелите с това заболяване, познати на медицината. От 1985 г. използва специален апарат, за да говори. Компютърът, инсталиран в инвалидната му количка, му позволява освен да говори, да пише статии и други текстове, да ползва Интернет и електронна поща. Управлението се извършва чрез движение на единствения мускул, който Хокинг може да контролира – един от лицевите мускули на бузата, под окото. Движенията се разчитат от специален инфрачервен сензор, вграден в очилата му.
Хокинг има три деца и три внучета. В обръщение на семейството се казва: „Той беше велик учен и изключителен човек, чиято работа и наследство ще живее в продължение на много години. Неговата смелост и постоянство, заедно с блясъка на хумора му, са вдъхновили много хора по цял свят.”
Цитирана литература:
[1] Стивън Хокинг. Свалено от bg.wikipedia.org, <https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Стивън_Хокинг>
[2] Stephen Hawking, renowned scientist, dies at 76. Retrieved from edition.cnn.com, <https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/14/health/stephen-hawking-dead/index.html>
[2] Амиотрофична латерална склероза. Достъпно на bg.wikipedia.org, <https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Амиотрофична_латерална_склероза>
[3] Най-големият враг за знанието не е невежеството, а илюзията за знание – Стивън Хокинг. Достъпно на artday.bg, <https://www.artday.bg/index.php/about/2522-2018-01-05-08-31-47>
[4] ‘Mind over matter’: Stephen Hawking – obituary by Roger Penrose. Retrieved from theguardian.com, <https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/mar/14/stephen-hawking-obituary>
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