😱Редица трениращи и нетрениращи хора, както и някои специалисти, поддържат мнението, че калорийният дефицит не е необходим за отслабване, тъй като законите на термодинамиката не са приложими при човек. Първият закон на термодинамиката гласи, че пълният входящ енергиен поток в една система трябва да е равен на пълния изходящ енергиен поток на системата плюс нейната вътрешна енергия [10]. Тези хора обаче смятат, че човек е отворена система и като такава законите на термодинамиката не са в сила.
👩🔬I-вия закон на термодинамиката произтича от Закона за запазване на енергията, който е универсален закон и се среща в различни раздели на физиката [8]. В класическата механика той се проявява в Закона за запазване на механичната енергия [9]. В термодинамиката е известен като I-ви закон на термодинамиката. При хората проявлението на Закона за запазване на енергията се нарича „Уравнение на енергийния баланс“ и гласи, че ако енергия в каквато и да е форма напусне човешкия организъм, то запасите му от енергия ще намалеят в съответствие със загубата [11,12,13,14].
Иначе казано, този закон определя това, което се случва с човешкото тяло, наблюдавайки разликата между енергията, която влиза и тази, която излиза от него.
Енергията, която влиза (приетата) = Енергията, която излиза (изразходената) + Промяна в количеството съхранена енергия.
⚠Излишната енергия, която се складира от човешкия организъм е под формата на мазнини, гликоген и мускули. Тъй като всичките тези 3 “структури” притежават маса, често се говори и за промяна масата, а не на енергията. Проблемът от това обаче идва от факта, че често хората се фиксират точно върху промените в масата, а не на енергията, тъй като първото можем да го измерим чрез кантар, а второто – не (поне не директно).
👉С други думи, ако качим 2 кг мускулна маса, а свалим 1 кг мазнини, кантарът ще показва 1 кг нагоре, но ние ще сме били в калориен дефицит, тъй като 2 килограма мускулната маса съдържа повече от два пъти по-малко калории от килограм мазнини. Това може да ни заблуди да си мислим, че калориите нямат значение и Законът на термодинамиката не е в сила, но всъщност няма да сме прави. Ето защо фундаментално важно е разбирането, че резултатите от промяна в Уравнението на енергийния баланс не винаги са видими по отношение на теглото в краткосрочен план.
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